Supercapacitor

 Supercapacitors are next-generation energy storage devices with high efficiency and fast charging and discharging speeds based on high output characteristics, and can be used from auxiliary output devices to energy storage devices of various devices. These supercapacitors largely include Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC), which is a supercapacitor that stores electrical energy through physical adsorption and desorption of charge, and Pseudocapacitor, which stores electrical energy by Faraday electron transfer on the surface of metal, and Hybrid capacitor that combines the characteristics of EDLC and battery.

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 EDLC uses a carbon-based electrode material and stores electrical energy by using electrostatic adsorption and desorption of charge, unlike general secondary batteries that involve chemical reactions. However, since electric charges are accumulated only on the electrode surface, the energy density is lower than that of the secondary battery. Therefore, research is being conducted to improve the energy density through the development of carbon-based materials with high surface area.

Pseudocapacitor is a capacitor that has both EDLC and battery characteristics, and has a higher energy density than EDLC, but as the content of pseudocapacitive materials increases, the battery has more characteristics, resulting in a decrease in lifespan characteristics and power density. Therefore, research is being conducted to improve the performance of pseudocapacitor by using nano-scale pseudocapacitive materials that can have a high surface area.

 Lastly, in order to utilize the characteristics of both EDLC and battery, research on hybrid capacitors using EDLC for one electrode and battery electrode for the other is also actively progressing.